Operando reaction of Ferrihydrite nano-particles to Magnetite. Hydrogen gas at 1.1 bar was flown into the in-situ TEM gas cell during the experiment. When heated at 360°C the particles show changes from an amorphous to a crystalline structure as part of reducing reactions. In-situ time lapse image sequences are used to characterize these processes (Figure A-D). Imaging performance at temperature and pressure was explored and shown to almost match imaging performance of imaging in vacuum of similar samples on similar substrates. With the range of pressures and temperatures accessible with this experimental system, these types of experiments can be used to quantitatively explore kinetics over a large range of temperatures and pressures.
Hummingbird Scientific internal data in collaboration with Jaco Olivier, Matthew Coombes, Jan Neethling, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa